– this is an excerpt from Calvin Warren’s paper Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope which addresses issues regarding the order of operations for liberation — “is hope a precursor or prerequisite for emancipation?, is hope evidence-based (perhaps based on past experience, historical knowledge, like faith), or “do we hope in the absence of that evidence”?
Calvin Warren calls it an ‘ontological equation’/or methods of estimating the odds to rise in the coming centuries, 2019
Kameelah Janan Rasheed
